A polyvisceral plaque
A polyvisceral plaque Museo Nazionale Etrusco Di Villa Giulia – This Etruscan polyvisceral plaque from Tessennano in Latium in Italy is thought to date from around 400 BCE. Anatomical votives like these were deposited in sanctuaries and temples as offerings to the gods, generally interpreted as a gesture of gratitude for some manner of divine […]
The ‘Piacenza Liver’
The ‘Piacenza Liver’ Municipale Museum of Piacenza CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) – This Etruscan bronze life-size model of a sheep’s liver was discovered in a field near Gossolengo in Piacenza in Italy in 1877 and is thought to date from the late second or early first century BCE. Although its precise purpose is not […]
Athenian red-figure cup attributed to Oltos, examination of the liver of a sacrificial victim
Athenian red-figure cup attributed to Oltos examination of the liver of a sacrificial victim (‘hieroscopy’), c.500 B.C.Cervetri, Museo Nazionale Cerite Photo: Jaime Ardiles-Arce – Representation of warfare is a feature of Greek painted pottery from the earliest figurative images from the eighth century BCE. In the second half of the sixth century and into the […]
Anonymous, K. Sharḥ al-Maqāma al-Ṣalāḥiyya fī l-Khayl wa-al-Bayṭāra
Anonymous, K. Sharḥ al-Maqāma al-Ṣalāḥiyya fī l-Khayl wa-al-Bayṭāra (Commentary on the Maqāma Ṣalāḥiyya on Horses and Venterinary) Istanbul University Library MS 4689 – Egypt, 15th c. – Hyppiatry has a long tradition in Islamic literature. Works dealing with horses may adopt different literary genres and cover a wide range of disciplines, from veterinary sciences to […]
Representation of a woman with the distribution of the blood vessels and the internal organs (f. 15v)
Representation of a woman with the distribution of the blood vessels and the internal organs (f. 15v) Manṣūr ibn Ilyās (fl. 14th c.), Tashrīḥ-i badan-i insān. Images from: Teheran MS Majlis 7430. Undated. This image represents the heart, lungs, liver, esophagus/larynx, stomach, intestines, kidneys, and spleen). As in the male representation, the organs involved in […]
Representation of a man with the distribution of the blood vessels and the internal organs (f. 13v)
Representation of a man with the distribution of the blood vessels and the internal organs (f. 13v) Manṣūr ibn Ilyās (fl. 14th c.), Tashrīḥ-i badan-i insān. Images from: Teheran MS Majlis 7430. Undated. The illustration depicts the heart, lungs, liver, esophagus/larynx, stomach, intestines, kidneys, and spleen. The organs involved in digestion are coloured in yellow. […]
Illustration accompanying De Arte Physicali et de Cirurgia
Illustration accompanying De Arte Physicali et de Cirurgia, attributed to John Arderne Stockholm, Kungliga Biblioteket X.118, fol. 6v/6r; c. 1430 – While the frontal approach to anatomical illustration exhibited in the Five/Nine-Figure Series and Guido da Vigevano’s work is most dominant, an alternative, sagittal approach emerged in the medieval period and survives in a few […]
Guido da Vigevano’s Anathomia, Figure 8
Guido da Vigevano’s Anathomia, Figure 9 (1345) Guido da Vigevano, Anathomia, 1345CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 – Although human dissection began to be systematically practiced in Italy in the early 14th century, it was not immediately embraced across Europe. This prompted Guido da Vigevano to produce a series of seventeen illustrations included in his Book of Notable […]
Organs of the abdomen
Organs of the abdomen Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 190/223, fol. 5r; 12th cent. CE Photo: By Permission of the Master and Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. – While the five figures representing the five bodily systems are the core of the Five-Figure Series, several iterations include nine figures rather than five, […]
Illustrations of the uterus
Illustrations of the uterus from Muscio’s epitome of Soranus’ Gynecology Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale MS 3714, fol. 28r; c. 900 CECC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) – These illustrations of various positions of the fetus in the womb accompany Muscio’s Late Antique Latin summary of Soranus’ 2nd century Greek work on gynecology. The 9th/10th century manuscript pictured […]